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Intended for Jamaica
2024- Selected Works

Cyanotype Denbigh sugar mill Jamacia

Photograph: Cyanotype, Denbigh Jamaica montage over original engine drawing. Letters (c1790s) from the Boulton & Watt Collection, (2023), Tracey Thorne

'On the basis of some information and a little guess work you journey to a site to see what remains were left behind and to reconstruct the world that these remains imply...to yield up a king of truth.'

 

The Site of Memory, Toni Morrison 

Intended for Jamaica is an artist-led body of work that has responded to unseen archives held in the Boulton and Watt Collection at the Library of Birmingham and informed by fieldwork in Jamaica.

 

The new work focuses on challenging dominant, prevailing narratives about Birmingham’s industrial heritage and, sets out to recover the erased histories of enslavement and imperialism that are entangled within this history.

 

The work seeks to shed light on the sale of the Boulton and Watt Co. steam engines from Soho Foundry near Birmingham to sugar plantations in Jamaica. It is an illustrative and reflective exploration that focuses on the power of bringing together historical artefacts and organising them in a way that connects them to the sites that they are associated with to 'yield up a kind of truth'.  

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Photograph: The Spanish Have Landed, St Ann, Jamaica, (2019) Tracey Thorne

Frome Suagr Factry mural cpyright Tracey Thorne, Jamaica

Photograph:  Loading Sugarcane on the wall of Frome Sugar Factory, Westmoreland, Jamaica, (2022), Tracey Thorne

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Sugar Pavillion, Denbigh Agricultural Ground, Denbigh, Clarendon, 2023, Tracey Thorne. Site of historic enslavement owned by Lord Penrhyn

Lord Penrhyn Jamaica steam Copyright Institute of Mechanics engine drawing copyright Institue of Mechanics

Plan of a Steam Engine, Lord Penrhyn, Jamaica, 1790, erected on his Denbigh sugar plantation by an unknown manufacturer. Lord Penrhyn was one of the first plantation owners to use a steam engine to power his sugar mill in Jamaica and was party to the subscription scheme developed in c1780 between Jamaican planters and James Watt. Engine drawning copyright: Institute of Mechanics, BAW/3/1.

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Blueprint Boulton & Watt Order Book cyanotype using a photograph of the original volume in the Boulton & Watt Collection, (2023), Tracey Thorne 

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Cyanotype: Copy of the proposed subscription scheme Particulars of Engines sent to Boulton & Watt in 1790 - correspondence between Samuel Whitbread and the enslaver W Dawkins,

 (2023) Tracey Thorne

Cat of Old Engines sugar plantations Boulton & Watt cyanotype by Tracey Thorne

Blueprint Fragment of Boulton & Watt page from the Catalogue of Old Engines cyanotype from the section marked Engines Supplied to Sugar Plantations, (2023), Tracey Thorne

Worthy Park Jamaica cyanotype by Tracey Thorne of Boulton & Watt Co steam engine c 1846 for her project Intended for Jamaica
Drax Hall Jamaica Boulton & Watt Steam Engine, Cyanotype by Tracey Thorne

Blueprint Drax Hall, Jamaica (2023) cyanotype made in response to an original engine drawing (c1841) in the Boulton & Watt Collection, (2023), Tracey Thorne

Blueprint Worthy Park, Jamaica  cyanotype made in response to an original engine drawing (c1845) in the Boulton & Watt Collection, (2023), Tracey Thorne 

James Watt Jnr cyanotype by Tracey Thorne

Cyanotype: Recovering the Past James Watt Junior  montage with sugar plantation names connected to the Boulton & Watt steam engines that he supplied from Soho Foundry, to Jamaica, 2023, Tracey Thorne

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Cyanotype:  James Watt  montage that explores his entanglements  with slavery, steam power, sugar and Jamaica, Tracey Thorne, (2023) Intended for Jamaica

Ralph Walker Steam Engine, Library of Birmingham, Boulton & Watt Collection, Sugar Plantations

Ralph Walkers Sugar Mill with a Steam Engine sent to James Watt Junior (1816)  from the Boulton & Watt collection, MS3147/5/1355a, Intended for Jamaica 

Lang & Anderson montage Tracey Thorne Intended for Jamaica Boulton & Watt

Laing & Andersons Steam Engine for a sugar mill 1814 in a folder marked Pirates & Other Engineers Engines shows the enslaved operator that is invisible in the Boulton & Watt drawings and history, MS3147/5/1353 next to a cyanotype fragment of a Boulton & Watt pump cylinder supplied to Dry River Estate (1821) MS3147/5/833, Intended for Jamaica

Golden Grove Sugar Factory, Duckenfield Farm, St Thomas, 2022, Tracey Thorne. Boulton & Watt Engine was sold to Duckenfield Farm in 1850. 

Golden Grove Sugar Factory, Duckenfield Farm, St Thomas, 2022, Tracey Thorne. Boulton & Watt Engine was sold to Duckenfield Farm in 1850. 

Selected Photographs: from the series 

Intended for Jamaica, 2024 

 Photographs: Hyde Hall Great House, from the series 

Intended for Jamaica, 2024, Tracey Thorne

About the Artist Work

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The artist's new body of photographic work includes  creation of cyanotypes (blueprints), representing a creative and reflective response to archival materials and field trips in Jamaica. The intention is to delve into the intricate connections between Birmingham and Jamaica by exploring locations (sites) where steam engines were sold. The themes explored in this artistic work connect to issues relating to place, collective memory, and colonialism, with an emphasis on both environmental and social legacies.

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The use of cyanotypes, a photographic printing process known for its distinctive blue colour, aims to evoke a sense of historical documentation and symbolise the intertwining of past and present, echoing the historical significance of the steam engines in Jamaica.​

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The project's visual narrative, using photography and cyanotypes, seeks to excavate layers of history and memory in the context of Jamaica.  The act, in this context, involves a careful and deliberate exploration of the remnants of the colonial era and the legacy of the steam engines in Jamaica.

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The work is currently being exhibited in a new exhibition at The Library of Birmingham in 2024 called Intended for Jamaica . The exhibition has been extended until 14 December 2024 - details here 

 

The project is supported with a grant from Arts Council England. See an earlier blog made at the start of the project published in 2022 here - Sugarland 

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Exhibition Installation Images and Bibliography with additional notes are available here 

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 Intended for Jamaica Photographic Essays 

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The artist research resulted in the development of extensive body of work that given the history of Boulton & Watt and plantation sites in Jamaica was too much to fully explore in the exhibition.  Therefore, this led me to start to write a series of photo essays that I hope to complete by mid August. These are available on my blog but listed below for easy. 

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The Spanish Have Landed 

Denbigh Sugar Plantation 

Worthy Park Sugar Plantation  

Dem Tell Me What They Want to Tell me

Drax Hall Sugar Plantation  

Hyde Hall Great House

James Watt: Power, Steam & Sugar 

Cane Cutting in Jamaica - Midgham Sugar Plantation

The Past is Present - Gren Park Plantation

Discovering Helen Caddicks  - Native Sugar Mill Jamaica Print 

 

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© Tracey Thorne
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